قاموس بلغة واضحة
المسرد
كل مصطلح محيّر مشروح ببساطة. دون الحاجة إلى معرفة مسبقة.
"Sign in with…" (OAuth)
Using your Google, Apple, or Facebook account to log into other apps without creating a new password.
اقرأ المقالAccount takeover
When a criminal gains control of one of your online accounts and locks you out or abuses it.
اقرأ المقالAd blocker (content blocker)
A browser tool that stops ads and the hidden trackers that come with them, making pages faster and more private.
اقرأ المقالAdware
Unwanted software that floods your device with ads and often tracks your browsing to target them.
اقرأ المقالAnonymisation
Stripping data of anything that identifies you, so it can be used without revealing who you are.
اقرأ المقالAntivirus (security software)
Software that detects and blocks malware on your device.
اقرأ المقالBackup
A saved copy of your data kept somewhere safe, so you don't lose it to theft, damage, or ransomware.
اقرأ المقالBiometrics
Using your body — fingerprint, face, or voice — to unlock devices and confirm your identity.
اقرأ المقالBotnet
A network of hacked devices remotely controlled by criminals to send spam or attack websites.
اقرأ المقالBrowser extension
A small add-on that gives your browser new abilities — and often broad access to what you see and type.
اقرأ المقالBrute-force attack
Guessing a password by trying every possible combination, at machine speed.
اقرأ المقالCAPTCHA
Those 'select all the traffic lights' puzzles that prove you're a human, not an automated program.
اقرأ المقالCatfishing
Creating a fake online identity — usually with stolen photos — to deceive someone into a relationship.
اقرأ المقالCCPA / CPRA
California's privacy law giving residents the right to know, delete, and opt out of the sale of their personal data.
اقرأ المقالCloud storage
Keeping your files on a provider's servers — like iCloud, Google Drive, or Dropbox — instead of only on your device.
اقرأ المقالCookie
A small file websites store in your browser. Some remember your login; 'third-party' ones track you across different sites for advertising.
اقرأ المقالCredential stuffing
When attackers take passwords leaked from one site and try them on your other accounts — which works if you reuse passwords.
اقرأ المقالCyberbullying
Repeated harassment, humiliation, or threats carried out through phones, social media, or games.
اقرأ المقالDark web
A hidden part of the internet reachable only with special software, where stolen data is often traded.
اقرأ المقالData breach
When a company's systems are broken into and customer data — emails, passwords, card numbers — is stolen or exposed.
اقرأ المقالData broker
A company that collects and sells personal information about people, usually without any direct relationship with them.
اقرأ المقالData minimisation
The principle of collecting — and giving out — only the data actually needed for a task.
اقرأ المقالDeepfake
AI-generated fake video, audio, or images that convincingly imitate a real person.
اقرأ المقالDictionary attack
Guessing passwords using lists of common words, names, dates, and previously leaked passwords.
اقرأ المقالDigital footprint
The trail of data you leave online — both what you share deliberately and what's collected about you automatically.
اقرأ المقالDoxxing
Publishing someone's private information — home address, workplace, phone — online to intimidate or harm them.
اقرأ المقالEncryption
Scrambling information so only someone with the right key can read it. It protects data on your devices and as it travels online.
اقرأ المقالEnd-to-end encryption
A way of scrambling messages so only you and the person you're talking to can read them — not the app company or anyone in between.
اقرأ المقالFirewall
A digital barrier that controls which network traffic is allowed in and out of your device or network.
اقرأ المقالGDPR
The European Union / UK data-protection law giving people strong rights over their personal data, such as access and deletion.
اقرأ المقالGeolocation
Your device working out where you are — via GPS, Wi-Fi, and mobile networks — and sharing it with apps.
اقرأ المقالGrooming (online)
An adult building trust with a child online in order to exploit or abuse them.
اقرأ المقالHTTPS
The secure version of a web connection, shown by a padlock in your browser. It encrypts data between you and the website.
اقرأ المقالIdentity theft
When someone uses your personal details — name, ID numbers, bank details — to impersonate you, open accounts, or commit fraud in your name.
اقرأ المقالIncognito / private mode
A browser mode that doesn't save your history or cookies on your own device — and nothing more.
اقرأ المقالIP address
The number that identifies your connection on the internet, roughly revealing your city and provider.
اقرأ المقالKeylogger
A tool that secretly records everything you type — including passwords and messages.
اقرأ المقالMalware
Malicious software — viruses, spyware, ransomware — that harms your device or steals your data, often installed by a bad download or link.
اقرأ المقالMetadata
Data about your data — for example, who you messaged and when, even if the message content itself is encrypted and private.
اقرأ المقالMFA fatigue (prompt bombing)
An attack that floods you with login-approval notifications hoping you eventually tap 'Approve' just to stop them.
اقرأ المقالOne-time code (OTP)
A short code — by text or app — that works once and expires quickly, used to confirm it's really you.
اقرأ المقالParental controls
Built-in family tools that limit screen time, filter content, and require approval for purchases and apps.
اقرأ المقالPasskey
A modern, phishing-resistant replacement for passwords that uses your device — often with your fingerprint or face — to prove it's really you.
اقرأ المقالPassphrase
A password made of several random words strung together — long, hard to crack, and easy to remember.
اقرأ المقالPassword manager
A secure app that creates and stores a unique strong password for every account, so you only remember one master password.
اقرأ المقالPersonal hotspot
Sharing your phone's mobile data connection so your laptop or other devices can use the internet through it.
اقرأ المقالPharming
Redirecting you from a legitimate website address to a fake copy without you noticing.
اقرأ المقالPhishing
A scam message pretending to be someone you trust, designed to trick you into revealing passwords, paying money, or clicking a harmful link.
اقرأ المقالPrivacy policy
The document where a service explains what data it collects about you, why, and who it shares it with.
اقرأ المقالPublic Wi-Fi
Free wireless networks in cafés, hotels, and airports — shared with strangers, but safer than they used to be.
اقرأ المقالQuishing (QR code phishing)
Phishing that hides the malicious link inside a QR code — on a poster, a parking meter, or an email.
اقرأ المقالRansomware
Malware that locks your files and demands payment to unlock them. Regular backups are the best defence.
اقرأ المقالRight to be forgotten
Your legal right, in many places, to have personal data deleted or de-listed from search results.
اقرأ المقالRootkit
Malware that hides deep in a device's system to avoid detection while keeping control for an attacker.
اقرأ المقالRouter (Wi-Fi box)
The box that connects your home to the internet and creates your Wi-Fi network.
اقرأ المقالScareware
Fake alarms — 'Your computer is infected!' — designed to scare you into paying for useless or harmful software.
اقرأ المقالScreen lock
The PIN, pattern, fingerprint, or face check that stops anyone else from opening your device.
اقرأ المقالSecurity certificate (SSL/TLS)
The credential behind the browser padlock that enables an encrypted connection to a website.
اقرأ المقالSecurity patch (update)
A software update that fixes known security holes before criminals can exploit them.
اقرأ المقالSextortion
A scam where someone threatens to share intimate images unless paid. Victims should not pay, should save evidence, and should seek help.
اقرأ المقالSIM swapping
A scam where a criminal tricks your phone company into moving your number to their SIM, so they receive your calls and security codes.
اقرأ المقالSingle sign-on (SSO)
Logging into many services with one account — like using your work or school login everywhere.
اقرأ المقالSmishing
Phishing carried out by SMS text message rather than email.
اقرأ المقالSocial engineering
Manipulating people — rather than hacking machines — into giving up information or access, using trust, fear, or urgency.
اقرأ المقالSpam
Unwanted bulk messages — mostly advertising, but often the delivery vehicle for scams and malware.
اقرأ المقالSpoofing
Faking a sender's identity — a phone number, email address, or website — so a scam appears to come from someone you trust.
اقرأ المقالSpyware
Malware that secretly watches what you do — keystrokes, messages, location — and reports it to someone else.
اقرأ المقالTerms of service
The contract you accept when using a service — covering your rights, their rights, and what happens to your content.
اقرأ المقالTor Browser
A free browser that anonymises your web activity by routing it through multiple relays. Used by people who need strong privacy.
اقرأ المقالTracker
Hidden code on websites and in apps that records what you do and reports it back to advertising or analytics companies.
اقرأ المقالTrojan (Trojan horse)
Malware disguised as a legitimate program — a game, an invoice, an 'update' — that attacks once you run it.
اقرأ المقالTwo-factor authentication (2FA)
A second step when logging in — usually a code from your phone — so a stolen password alone can't get someone into your account.
اقرأ المقالTyposquatting
Registering misspelled versions of popular websites (like 'gogle.com') to catch people who mistype.
اقرأ المقالURL (web address)
The address of a page on the web — and the single most useful thing to check before trusting a site.
اقرأ المقالVishing (voice phishing)
Phishing by phone call — a scammer poses as your bank, the police, or tech support to extract money or codes.
اقرأ المقالVPN (Virtual Private Network)
A tool that encrypts your internet connection and hides your browsing from the local network and your internet provider.
اقرأ المقالZero-day
A security hole that attackers discover before the software maker does — so no fix exists yet.
اقرأ المقال